# The Toki Pona Baby Sign-Language Guide

[^note]:
    Related pages: [Flash Cards](/tpbsl-flash-cards),
    [Manifesto](/tpbsl-manifesto)

- [0: Gestures](#gestures)
- [1: Basics](#basics)
- [2: Descriptions](#descriptions)
- [3: The World](#the-world)
- [4: Names, Shapes, and Colors](#names-shapes-and-colors)
- [5: Body Parts](#body-parts)
- [6: Commands and Desires](#commands-and-desires)
- [7: More](#more)
- [8: Beyond](#beyond)

## 0: Gestures {gestures}

There are 4 elements to each Toki Pona gesture:

- hand shape
- location on the body
- palm orientation
- whether one or both hands

![toki-pona-signs](/Toki_pona_luka.png)

There are only 9 Toki Pona hand shapes:

- flat hand
- thumb-fist
- bent hand
- O-hand
- 1-hand
- 2-hand
- wiggling hand
- L-hand
- F-hand

![body locations](/sijelo-pi-toki-pona-luka.png)

There are 8 body locations:

1. in front of chest
2. at side of forehead
3. at side of chin
4. at left shoulder
5. at left elbow
6. on top of left fist
7. on stomach
8. under left slanted forearm

## 1: Basics {basics}

For baby sign-language, speak Toki Pona with your hands while speaking your
native tongue (e.g. English) with your mouth. Your reusable gestures will become
associated with spoken words. The goal is to create a minimal gesture vocabulary
for bootstrapping speech.

8 words offer a surprising amount of contextual nuance:

|      |                          |
| ---- | ------------------------ |
| jaki | yucky, filth, garbage    |
| ko   | mush, paste              |
| lape | sleep                    |
| len  | clothes, fabric          |
| moku | eat, drink, food, meal   |
| pona | good, simple, clean      |
| telo | liquid, wet, wash, water |
| tomo | home, house, room        |

All Toki Pona words in this guide can be used as nouns, adjectives, and verbs.

To modify a Toki Pona word, add more words after it. With "liquid" (telo) and
"cloth" (len), you can talk about wet clothes (len telo) and laundry detergent
(telo len). Always use the first term as the main noun/verb and additional terms
as the adjectives.

You can combine our 8 basic words into many concepts:

|           |                          |                |
| --------- | ------------------------ | -------------- |
| jaki ko   | poop                     | "mushy yucky"  |
| jaki telo | pee                      | "liquid yucky" |
| len jaki  | diaper, dirty clothes    |                |
| len lape  | blanket, pajamas         | "sleep fabric" |
| len moku  | bib                      | "food fabric"  |
| len pona  | clean clothes            |                |
| len telo  | damp clothes, swimwear   | "wet clothes"  |
| moku ko   | mushy food, baby food    | "mushy food"   |
| moku telo | drink, liquid food, milk | "liquid food"  |
| pona telo | wash, bathe, clean       | "wet clean"    |
| tomo jaki | bathroom, outhouse       | "yucky room"   |
| tomo lape | bedroom                  | "sleep room"   |
| tomo len  | closet, laundry area     | "clothes room" |
| tomo moku | kitchen                  | "food room"    |
| tomo pona | clean room               |                |
| tomo telo | boat                     |                |

In the beginning, only sign for immediate actions/objects. Don't sign "milk"
unless you have milk in your hand. Do not gesture for desires or aspirations.

## 2: Descriptions {descriptions}

You can extract incredible mileage out of 15 words. In full Toki Pona, you have
a specific word for sweets (suwi), but "fun food" (moku musi) allows you to
recycle terms from an even smaller vocabulary.

|        |                     |
| ------ | ------------------- |
| kalama | sound, noise        |
| lete   | cold, ice, uncooked |
| lili   | small, short, young |
| musi   | play, fun, art, toy |
| seli   | hot, fire           |
| suli   | big, tall, old      |
| supa   | horizontal, table   |

With 7 additional words, we achieve vast explanatory power:

|                |                          |                   |
| -------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| kalama lili    | quiet                    | "small sound"     |
| kalama musi    | music                    | "fun noise"       |
| kalama suli    | loud                     | "big sound"       |
| ko musi        | clay, playdoh            | "fun mush"        |
| lape lili      | nap                      | "small sleep"     |
| len musi       | costume                  | "fun clothes"     |
| moku lete      | cold food, uncooked food |                   |
| moku lili      | small food               |                   |
| moku musi      | snack, candy, treat      | "fun food"        |
| moku seli      | hot food, burnt food     |                   |
| moku suli      | big food                 |                   |
| moku telo seli | warm soup                | "hot liquid food" |
| musi lili      | small toys               |                   |
| musi suli      | big toys                 |                   |
| musi supa      | crafts                   | "table fun"       |
| musi telo      | swim, water toys         | "water fun"       |
| musi tomo      | dollhouse                | "house toy"       |
| supa lape      | bed                      | "sleep surface"   |
| supa moku      | dinner table             | "food surface"    |
| supa musi      | play table, iPad         | "play surface"    |
| supa seli      | stove                    | "fire surface"    |
| telo lete      | cold drink, cold water   |                   |
| telo seli      | hot water                |                   |
| telo seli      | jacket, sweater          | "hot clothes"     |
| telo suli      | ocean, lake, pool        | "big water"       |
| tomo lili      | fort, crib, playpen      | "small room"      |
| tomo musi      | play room, playpen       |                   |
| tomo seli      | oven                     | "hot room"        |
| tomo suli      | family room              | "big room"        |

Note that you can add multiple adjectives to a noun, e.g. "hot liquid-food"
(moku telo seli). Each additional term applies to all the preceding words.

## 3: The World {the-world}

With daily-life covered, extend your sights to the outside world:

|        |                          |
| ------ | ------------------------ |
| jan    | person                   |
| ma     | outdoors, land, soil     |
| kasi   | plant, tree, vegetation  |
| suwi   | sweet, candy, sugar      |
| pan    | bread, grain, dry cereal |
| kili   | fruit, vegetable         |
| akesi  | reptile, creature        |
| soweli | land animal, meat        |
| kala   | fish, sea creature       |
| waso   | bird, poultry            |
| pipi   | bug, insect, spider      |

Here are some new combinations available from our added wordset:

|                 |                          |                    |
| --------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------ |
| jan lili        | small person, child      |                    |
| jan pona        | friend                   | "good person"      |
| jan suli        | big person, adult        |                    |
| kalama jan      | talking                  | "people noise"     |
| kalama ma       | nature sounds            |                    |
| kalama musi jan | singing                  | "fun people-noise" |
| kalama soweli   | "woof", "meow"           |                    |
| kalama waso     | bird sounds              |                    |
| kasi kili suli  | fruit tree               | "big fruit plant"  |
| kasi moku       | vegetable                | "edible plants"    |
| kasi pona       | flower                   | "good plant"       |
| kasi suli       | tree                     | "big plant"        |
| ko ma           | mud                      | "earth paste"      |
| ma kasi         | forest, jungle           |                    |
| ma kili         | orchard, garden, farm    |                    |
| ma soweli       | corral, ranch            |                    |
| ma telo         | beach, lakeside, wetland |                    |
| moku kala lete  | sushi                    |                    |
| moku soweli     | dogfood, catfood         |                    |
| musi jan lili   | doll                     | "small person-toy" |
| musi ma         | play outside             | "outside fun"      |
| pan telo        | cereal                   | "wet bread"        |
| soweli moku     | beef, pork, meat         | "edible animals"   |
| soweli pona     | dog, cat, pet            | "good land-animal" |
| telo jan        | blood                    | "people liquid"    |
| telo kili       | juice                    | "fruit liquid"     |
| telo ma         | rain                     | "land water"       |
| telo suwi       | soda, soft-drink         |                    |
| tomo soweli     | doghouse, barn           |                    |
| tomo waso       | birdhouse, coop          |                    |

Again, Toki Pona has more nuanced words from its full vocabulary. But for baby
sign-language, reuse a smaller number of terms. For example, use signs for
"people noise" (kalama jan) over "talk" (toki).

## 4: Names, Shapes, and Colors {names-shapes-and-colors}

Toki Pona offers pronouns and people descriptors, but I suggest using
names/titles instead. Create unique gestures for people's names (Toki Pona has
an official way to do this, but it's not necessary). Instead of signing "me"
(mi), gesture "person Dad" (jan Dad). Instead of saying "mother" (mama meli),
say "person Mom" (jan Mom). Instead of gesturing "you" (sina), gesture "person
\_\_" (jan \_\_). You can use your unique gestures to indicate possession or
association. "My room" (tomo mi) could instead be "Dad room" (tomo Dad).

Create unique gestures for people's names, but reuse general descriptors for
everything else. In order to maintain a laconic vocabulary, use shapes and
colors to describe the world. Spaghetti is "string food" (moku linja). A banana
is "long fruit" (kili palisa) or "long yellow fruit" (kili palisa jelo). Card
games and origami can be described as "flat fun" (musi lipu). Playing catch is
"spherical fun" (musi sike). Milk is "white liquid" (telo walo).

|        |                         |
| ------ | ----------------------- |
| sike   | round, cycle, ball      |
| lipu   | flat thing, page, leaf  |
| linja  | string, hair, flexible  |
| palisa | rod, stick, long thing  |
| kiwen  | rock, hard thing, metal |
| jelo   | yellow                  |
| loje   | red                     |
| laso   | blue, green             |
| walo   | white                   |
| pimeja | black, dark, shadow     |
| suno   | light, sun              |

## 5: Body Parts {body-parts}

![body parts](/BodyTokiPona.jpg)

Exploit innate [proprioception](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception) to
explain surroundings. Many objects have fronts (sinpin) and openings (uta) and
bumps (nena) and legs (noka), just like you!

|        |                          |
| ------ | ------------------------ |
| insa   | stomach, inside, between |
| kute   | ear, listen, obey        |
| lawa   | head, mind, guide, lead  |
| luka   | arm, hand                |
| monsi  | back, behind, rear, butt |
| nena   | nose, bump, button       |
| noka   | foot, leg, bottom, under |
| oko    | eye, look, read, watch   |
| poka   | hip, side, next to, near |
| selo   | skin, shell, outer layer |
| sewi   | up, above, sky, top      |
| sinpin | face, front, wall        |
| uta    | mouth, door, window, lip |

Your body offers an excellent reference for spatial awareness. Little people can
be picked up (sewi) and set down (noka).

Body parts are also verbs! To kick is "to leg" (noka). To pick-up is "to hand"
(luka).

And learning about your body naturally leads to insights about feelings and
experience. Happiness is "good feeling" (pilin pona). Pain is "bad body" (sijelo
ike).

|        |                         |
| ------ | ----------------------- |
| pilin  | emotion, heart, feeling |
| sijelo | body, physical, torso   |

## 6: Commands and Desires {commands-and-desires}

Your baby will discover that they can request non-immediate things, i.e. future
objects and distant objects. This is your cue to start using commands like
"stop" (pini) and "away" (weka). You can also describe imminent events, e.g.
"soon sleep" (lape kama).

But speak with with simple nouns and adjectives when possible. A "clean surface"
(supa pona) is concrete; a "finished meal" (moku pini) is abstract.

Communicate consequences over opinions. "Mom is sad" (pilin ike Mom) carries
more weight than "you are naughty" (sina ike).

|      |                       |
| ---- | --------------------- |
| seme | what, why, how        |
| wile | want, need, wish      |
| tawa | go, moving, towards   |
| weka | absent, away, ignored |
| awen | stay, wait            |
| pini | done, quit, stop      |
| ala  | not, none, no         |
| ike  | bad, complicated      |

## 7: More {more}

These terms may be useful additions to your gesture vocabulary:

|         |                          |
| ------- | ------------------------ |
| esun    | shop, business, purchase |
| mute    | many, lots, more, much   |
| nasa    | strange, weird, drunk    |
| pakala  | broken, damaged, harmed  |
| poki    | bag, bowl, box, vessel   |
| sitelen | image, symbol, writing   |

## 8: Beyond {beyond}

Toki Pona is a wonderful little language -- I've only scratched the surface in
this short guide. If you'd like to go beyond baby sign-language, consider
reading [the official guide](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0978292308) and
[the official dictionary](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0978292367/). I also highly
recommend watching
[Jan Misali's free Toki Pona lessons](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuYLhuXt4HrQwIDV7FBkA8zApw0pnEJrX).

<script type="text/javascript">

  const tp = {
    /* a: { def: `interjection: ah, ha, uh, oh, ooh, aw, well (emotion word)`, desc: `flat hand at side of chin, palm facing left` }, */
    /* e: { def: `seperator: (introduces a direct object)`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing down` }, */
    /* li: { def: `seperator: "(between any subject except mi and sina and its verb; also used to introduce a new verb for the same subject)"`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing left` }, */
    /* o: { def: `sep: O (vocative or imperative)<br/>interjection: hey! (calling somebody's attention)`, desc: `wiggling hand in front of chest, palm facing down` }, */
    akesi: { def: `noun: non-cute animal, reptile, amphibian`, desc: `2 hand at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    ala: { def: `mod: no, not, none, un-<br/>noun: nothing, negation, zero<br/>interjection: no!`, desc: `hat hand at left shoulder, palm facing down` },
    alasa: { def: `verb (t): gather, hunt, forage`, desc: `1 hand at left shoulder, palm facing back` },
    ale: { def: `noun: everything, anything, life, universe<br/>mod: all, every, complete, whole`, desc: `wiggling hand in front of chest, palm facing forward (both hands)` },
    ali: { def: `noun: everything, anything, life, universe<br/>mod: all, every, complete, whole`, desc: `wiggling hand in front of chest, palm facing forward (both hands)` },
    anpa: { def: `noun: bottom, lower part, under, below, floor, beneath<br/>mod: low, lower, bottom, down, lowly, humble, dependant`, desc: `bent hand in front of chest, palm facing down` },
    ante: { def: `noun: difference<br/>mod: different<br/>conjunction: otherwise, or else<br/>verb (t): change, alter, modify`, desc: `bent hand on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    anu: { def: `conjunction: or`, desc: `L hand in front of chest, palm facing down` },
    awen: { def: `verb (i): stay, wait, remain<br/>verb (t): keep<br/>mod: remaining, stationary, permanent, sedentary`, desc: `L hand at left shoulder, palm facing back` },
    en: { def: `conjunction: and (used to coordinate head nouns)`, desc: `L hand on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    esun: { def: `noun: market, shop, business, trading, selling, buying`, desc: `bent hand in front of chest, palm facing up (both hands)` },
    ijo: { def: `noun: thing, something, stuff, anything, object<br/>mod: of something<br/>verb (t): objectify`, desc: `thumb-fist in front of chest, palm facing down, thumb pointing left` },
    ike: { def: `mod: bad, negative, wrong, evil, overly complex, (figuratively) unhealthy<br/>interjection: oh dear! woe! alas!<br/>noun: negativity, badness, evil<br/>verb (t): to make bad, to worsen, to have a negative effect upon<br/>verb (i): to be bad, to suck`, desc: `thumb-fist in front of chest, palm facing forward` },
    ilo: { def: `noun: tool, device, machine, thing used for a specific purpose`, desc: `thumb-fist on top of left fist, palm facing up` },
    insa: { def: `noun: inside, inner world, centre, stomach<br/>mod: inner, internal`, desc: `L hand on stomach, palm facing back` },
    jaki: { def: `mod: dirty, gross, filthy<br/>noun: dirt, pollution, garbage, filth<br/>verb (t): pollute, dirty<br/>interjection: ew! yuck!`, desc: `thumb-fist at side of chin, palm facing forward` },
    jan: { def: `noun: person, people, human, being, somebody, anybody<br/>mod: human, somebody's, personal, of people<br/>verb (t): personify, humanize, personalize`, desc: `2 hand at left shoulder, palm facing back` },
    jelo: { def: `mod: yellow, light green`, desc: `F hand on stomach, palm facing down` },
    jo: { def: `verb (t): have, contain<br/>noun: having<br/>kama: receive, get, take, obtain`, desc: `bent hand on top of left fist, palm facing up` },
    kala: { def: `noun: fish, sea creature`, desc: `flat hand at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    kalama: { def: `noun: sound, noise, voice<br/>verb (i): make noise<br/>verb (t): sound, ring, play (an instrument)`, desc: `wiggling hand at side of chin, palm facing left` },
    kama: { def: `verb (i): come, become, arrive, happen, pursue actions to arrive to (a certain state), manage to, start to<br/>noun: event, happening, chance, arrival, beginning<br/>mod: coming, future<br/>verb (t): bring about, summon`, desc: `bent hand in front of chest, palm facing back` },
    kasi: { def: `noun: plant, leaf, herb, tree, wood`, desc: `F hand on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    ken: { def: `verb (i): can, is able to, is allowed to, may, is possible<br/>noun: possibility, ability, power to do things, permission<br/>verb (t): make possible, enable, allow, permit<br/>context: it is possible that`, desc: `thumb-fist at left shoulder, palm facing back` },
    kepeken: { def: `verb (t): use<br/>preposition: with`, desc: `L hand on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    kili: { def: `noun: fruit, vegetable, mushroom`, desc: `thumb-fist at side of chin, palm facing left` },
    kin: { def: `mod: also, too, even, indeed (emphasizes the word(s) before it)`, desc: `` },
    kipisi: { def: `noun: part, partition<br/>verb (t): split, cut, divide`, desc: `` },
    kiwen: { def: `mod: hard, solid, stone-like, made of stone or metal<br/>noun: hard thing, rock, stone, metal, mineral, clay`, desc: `thumb-fist on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    ko: { def: `noun: semi-solid or squishy substance, e.g. paste, powder, gum`, desc: `bent hand on stomach, palm facing down` },
    kon: { def: `noun: air, wind, smell, soul<br/>mod: air-like, ethereal, gaseous`, desc: `wiggling hand in front of chest, palm facing left` },
    kule: { def: `noun: colour, paint<br/>mod: colourful<br/>verb (t): colour, paint`, desc: `F hand in front of chest, palm facing left` },
    kulupu: { def: `noun: group, community, society, company, people<br/>mod: communal, shared, public, of the society`, desc: `2 hand at left shoulder, palm facing down` },
    kute: { def: `verb (t): listen, hear<br/>mod: auditory, hearing`, desc: `thumb-fist at side of forehead, palm facing left` },
    la: { def: `seperator: (between adverb or phrase of context and sentence)`, desc: `bent hand in front of chest, palm facing left` },
    lape: { def: `noun: sleep<br/>verb (i): sleep, rest<br/>mod: sleeping, of sleep`, desc: `flat hand at side of forehead, palm facing left` },
    laso: { def: `mod: blue, blue-green`, desc: `F hand at left elbow, palm facing down` },
    lawa: { def: `noun: head, mind<br/>mod: main, leading, in charge<br/>verb (t): lead, control, rule, steer`, desc: `flat hand at side of forehead, palm facing forward` },
    len: { def: `noun: clothing, cloth, fabric`, desc: `bent hand at left shoulder, palm facing back` },
    lete: { def: `noun: cold<br/>mod: cold, uncooked<br/>verb (t): cool down, chill`, desc: `wiggling hand at left elbow, palm facing down` },
    lili: { def: `mod: small, little, young, a bit, short, few, less<br/>verb (t): reduce, shorten, shrink, lessen`, desc: `2 hand at side of chin, palm facing forward` },
    linja: { def: `noun: long, very thin, floppy thing, e.g. string, rope, hair, thread, cord, chain`, desc: `1 hand at side of forehead, palm facing left` },
    lipu: { def: `noun: flat and bendable thing, e.g. paper, card, ticket`, desc: `flat hand on top of left fist, palm facing up` },
    loje: { def: `mod: red`, desc: `F hand at side of chin, palm facing left` },
    lon: { def: `preposition: be (located) in/at/on<br/>verb (i): be there, be present, be real/true, exist, be awake`, desc: `1 hand on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    luka: { def: `noun: hand, arm`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing forward` },
    lukin: { def: `verb (t): see, look at, watch, read<br/>verb (i): look, watch out, pay attention<br/>mod: visual(ly)`, desc: `2 hand in front of chest, palm facing down` },
    lupa: { def: `noun: hole, orifice, window, door`, desc: `O hand in front of chest, palm facing left` },
    ma: { def: `noun: land, earth, country, (outdoor) area`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing down (both hands)` },
    mama: { def: `noun: parent, mother, father<br/>mod: of the parent, parental, maternal, fatherly`, desc: `2 hand on stomach, palm facing down` },
    mani: { def: `noun: money, material wealth, currency, dollar, capital`, desc: `thumb-fist at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    meli: { def: `noun: woman, female, girl, wife, girlfriend<br/>mod: female, feminine, womanly`, desc: `2 hand on stomach, palm facing back` },
    mi: { def: `noun: I, we<br/>mod: my, our`, desc: `thumb-fist in front of chest, palm facing, down, thumb pointing back` },
    mije: { def: `noun: man, male, boy, husband, boyfriend<br/>mod: male, masculine, manly`, desc: `2 hand on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    moku: { def: `noun: food, meal<br/>verb (t): eat, drink, swallow, ingest, consume`, desc: `O hand at side of chin, palm facing back` },
    moli: { def: `noun: death<br/>verb (i): die, be dead<br/>verb (t): kill<br/>mod: dead, deadly, fatal`, desc: `L hand at side of forehead, palm facing back` },
    monsi: { def: `noun: back, rear end, butt, behind<br/>mod: back, rear`, desc: `L hand in front of chest, palm facing forward` },
    mu: { def: `interjection: woof! meow! moo! etc. (animal noise)`, desc: `wiggling hand at side of chin, palm facing down` },
    mun: { def: `noun: moon<br/>mod: lunar`, desc: `O hand at side of forehead, palm facing left` },
    musi: { def: `noun: fun, playing, game, recreation, art, entertainment<br/>mod: artful, fun, recreational<br/>verb (i): play, have fun<br/>verb (t): amuse, entertain`, desc: `wiggling hand at side of forehead, palm facing left` },
    mute: { def: `mod: many, very, much, several, a lot, abundant, numerous, more<br/>noun: amount, quantity<br/>verb (t): make many or much`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing forward (both hands)` },
    namako: { def: `noun: food additive, accessory, something extra<br/>verb (t): season, embellish, stimulate`, desc: `` },
    nanpa: { def: `noun: number<br/>other: -th (ordinal numbers)`, desc: `2 hand in front of chest, palm facing back` },
    nasa: { def: `mod: silly, crazy, foolish, drunk, strange, stupid, weird<br/>verb (t): drive crazy, make weird`, desc: `thumb-fist at side of forehead, palm facing forward` },
    nasin: { def: `noun: way, manner, custom, road, path, doctrine, system, method`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing left (both hands)` },
    nena: { def: `noun: bump, nose, hill, mountain, button`, desc: `bent hand on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    ni: { def: `mod: this, that`, desc: `L hand at side of chin, palm facing back` },
    nimi: { def: `noun: word, name`, desc: `nothing under left slanted forearm` },
    noka: { def: `noun: leg, foot`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing back` },
    oko: { def: `noun: eye`, desc: `` },
    olin: { def: `noun: love<br/>mod: love<br/>verb (t): to love (a person)`, desc: `wiggling hand on stomach, palm facing back` },
    ona: { def: `noun: she, he, it, they<br/>mod: her, his, its, their`, desc: `1 hand in front of chest, index finger pointing left` },
    open: { def: `verb (t): open, turn on`, desc: `O hand at left shoulder, palm facing down` },
    pakala: { def: `noun: blunder, accident, mistake, destruction, damage, breaking<br/>verb (t): screw up, fuck up, botch, ruin, break, hurt, injure, damage, spoil, ruin<br/>verb (i): screw up, fall apart, break<br/>interjection: damn! fuck!`, desc: `thumb-fist on top of left fist, palm facing forward` },
    pali: { def: `noun: activity, work, deed, project<br/>mod: active, work-related, operating, working<br/>verb (t): do, make, build, create<br/>verb (i): act, work, function`, desc: `thumb-fist on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    palisa: { def: `noun: long, mostly hard object, e.g. rod, stick, branch`, desc: `O hand on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    pan: { def: `noun: grain, cereal`, desc: `F hand at side of chin, palm facing back` },
    pana: { def: `verb (t): give, put, send, place, release, emit, cause<br/>noun: giving, transfer, exchange`, desc: `wiggling hand in front of chest, palm facing up` },
    pi: { def: `sep: of, belonging to`, desc: `O hand in front of chest, palm facing forward` },
    pilin: { def: `noun: feelings, emotion, heart<br/>verb (i): feel<br/>verb (t): feel, think, sense, touch`, desc: `F hand on stomach, palm facing back` },
    pimeja: { def: `mod: black, dark<br/>noun: darkness, shadows<br/>verb (t): darken`, desc: `F hand at left shoulder, palm facing down` },
    pini: { def: `noun: end, tip<br/>mod: completed, finished, past, done, ago<br/>verb (t): finish, close, end, turn off`, desc: `o hand at left shoulder, palm facing up` },
    pipi: { def: `noun: bug, insect, spider`, desc: `1 hand at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    poka: { def: `noun: side, hip, next to<br/>preposition: in the accompaniment of, with<br/>mod: neighbouring`, desc: `L hand at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    poki: { def: `noun: container, box, bowl, cup, glass`, desc: `O hand in front of chest, palm facing down` },
    pona: { def: `noun: good, simplicity, positivity<br/>mod: good, simple, positive, nice, correct, right<br/>interjection: great! good! thanks! OK! cool! yay!<br/>verb (t): improve, fix, repair, make good`, desc: `thumb-fist in front of chest, palm facing left, thumb pointing up` },
    pu: { def: `verb (i): interact with the official toki pona book`, desc: `wiggling hand on top of left fist, palm facing up` },
    sama: { def: `mod: same, similar, equal, of equal status or position<br/>preposition: like, as, seem`, desc: `thumb-fist in front of chest, palm facing down (both hands)` },
    seli: { def: `noun: fire, warmth, heat<br/>mod: hot, warm, cooked<br/>verb (t): heat, warm up, cook`, desc: `wiggling hand at left shoulder, palm facing down` },
    selo: { def: `noun: outside, surface, skin, shell, bark, shape, peel`, desc: `F hand at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    seme: { def: `other: what, which, wh- (question word)`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing up` },
    sewi: { def: `noun: high, up, above, top, over, on<br/>mod: superior, elevated, religious, formal`, desc: `1 hand in front of chest, palm facing left, index finger pointing up` },
    sijelo: { def: `noun: body, physical state`, desc: `flat hand on stomach, palm facing back` },
    sike: { def: `noun: circle, wheel, sphere, ball, cycle<br/>mod: round, cyclical`, desc: `O hand on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    sin: { def: `mod: new, fresh, another, more<br/>verb (t): renew, renovate, freshen`, desc: `wiggling hand on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    sina: { def: `noun: you<br/>mod: your`, desc: `1 hand in front of chest, index finger pointing forward` },
    sinpin: { def: `noun: front, chest, torso, face, wall`, desc: `L hand in front of chest, palm facing back (both hands)` },
    sitelen: { def: `noun: picture, image<br/>verb (t): draw, write`, desc: `F hand in front of chest, palm facing left (both hands)` },
    sona: { def: `noun: knowledge, wisdom, intelligence, understanding<br/>verb (t): know, understand, know how to<br/>verb (i): know, understand<br/>kama: learn, study`, desc: `bent hand at side of forehead, palm facing left` },
    soweli: { def: `noun: animal, especially land mammal, lovable animal`, desc: `flat hand at left elbow, palm facing down` },
    suli: { def: `mod: big, tall, long, adult, important<br/>verb (t): enlarge, lengthen<br/>noun: size`, desc: `2 hand at side of forehead, palm facing forward` },
    suno: { def: `noun: sun, light`, desc: `bent hand at side of forehead, palm facing forward` },
    supa: { def: `noun: horizontal surface, e.g furniture, table, chair, pillow, floor`, desc: `flat hand in front of chest, palm facing up (both hands)` },
    suwi: { def: `noun: candy, sweet food<br/>mod: sweet, cute<br/>verb (t): sweeten`, desc: `2 hand at side of chin, palm facing left` },
    tan: { def: `preposition: from, by, because of, since<br/>noun: origin, cause`, desc: `bent hand at left elbow, palm facing back` },
    taso: { def: `mod: only, sole<br/>conjunction: but`, desc: `L hand in front of chest, palm facing down (both hands)` },
    tawa: { def: `preposition: to, in order to, towards, for, until<br/>verb (i): go to, walk, travel, move, leave<br/>noun: movement, transportation<br/>mod: moving, mobile<br/>verb (t): move, displace`, desc: `bent hand in front of chest, palm facing forward` },
    telo: { def: `noun: water, liquid, juice, sauce<br/>verb (t): water, wash with water`, desc: `wiggling hand in front of chest, palm facing down (both hands)` },
    tenpo: { def: `noun: time, period of time, moment, duration, situation`, desc: `Fhand on top of left fist, palm facing left` },
    toki: { def: `noun: language, talking, speech, communication<br/>mod: talking, verbal<br/>verb (t): say<br/>verb (i): talk, chat, communicate<br/>interjection: hello! hi!`, desc: `bent hand at side of chin, palm facing left` },
    tomo: { def: `noun: indoor constructed space, e.g. house, home, room, building<br/>mod: urban, domestic, household`, desc: `bent hand in front of chest, palm facing left (both hands)` },
    tu: { def: `mod: two<br/>noun: duo, pair<br/>verb (t): double, separate/cut/divide in two`, desc: `2 hand in front of chest, palm facing forward` },
    unpa: { def: `noun: sex, sexuality<br/>mod: erotic, sexual<br/>verb (t): have sex with, sleep with, fuck<br/>verb (i): have sex`, desc: `2 hand on top of left fist, palm facing down` },
    uta: { def: `noun: mouth<br/>mod: oral`, desc: `1 hand at side of chin, palm facing back` },
    utala: { def: `noun: conflict, disharmony, competition, fight, war, battle, attack, blow, argument, physical or verbal violence<br/>verb (t): hit, strike, attack, compete against`, desc: `thumb-fist at left shoulder, palm facing forward` },
    walo: { def: `mod: white, light (colour)<br/>noun: white thing or part, whiteness, lightness`, desc: `F hand at side of forehead, palm facing down` },
    wan: { def: `mod: one, a<br/>noun: unit, element, particle, part, piece<br/>verb (t): unite, make one`, desc: `1 hand in front of chest, palm facing forward, index finger pointing up` },
    waso: { def: `noun: bird, winged animal`, desc: `O hand at side of chin, palm facing forward` },
    wawa: { def: `noun: energy, strength, power<br/>mod: energetic, strong, fierce, intense, sure, confident<br/>verb (t): strengthen, energize, empower`, desc: `thumb-fist on stomach, palm facing back` },
    weka: { def: `mod: away, absent, missing<br/>noun: absence<br/>verb (t): throw away, remove, get rid of`, desc: `O hand at left elbow, palm facing down` },
    wile: { def: `verb (t): to want, need, wish, have to, must, will, should<br/>noun: desire, need, will<br/>mod: necessary`, desc: `O hand on stomach, palm facing up` },
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